For these reasons, it’s important to understand the Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct before arriving in Siem Reap. The Code of Conduct is easy to understand, and following it will improve your experience during your visit to the park. It will also help preserve the historic ruins and ensure that the active spiritual practitioners of the park are not offended or disturbed by your actions.

The Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct was developed by the APSARA National Authority, which has been responsible for the conservation and restoration of Angkor Archaeological Park since 1995. The Authority’s main goal is “to harmonize tourist experiences with public safety and respect towards our community”. The guide was developed through the collaboration of the local Angkor community, visitors, tour guides, and the restoration teams.

Dress Code at Angkor

Respecting Buddhist culture and customs is essential when visiting Angkor. In this conservative culture, wearing revealing clothes like shorts, tank tops, or skirts above the knees is seen as highly disrespectful. Additionally, it’s best to avoid showing bare shoulders.

To ensure a respectful visit, it’s strongly recommended to dress modestly, especially since Angkor is often frequented by Buddhist monks engaged in spiritual activities.

Monument Preservation at Angkor

Angkor’s ruins show the effect that time and weather can have on magnificent architecture. Human foot traffic and touching of the ruins’ surfaces accelerates the process of degradation. With thousands of people visiting Angkor Archaeological Park each day, the effects are difficult to prevent.

To minimize your impact while visiting the park, it’s strongly advised to not:

• Touch carvings;
• Sit on fragile structures;
• Lean on temple structures;
• Move or take archaeological artifacts;
• Leave graffiti on walls;
• Wear backpacks, use umbrellas with sharp tips, use tripods, or wear high heels while inside temples;

Noise Control at Sacred Sites

Since it’s an active spiritual site, it’s considered rude to be loud in any way. Therefore, it’s important to talk quietly and respectfully. Yelling or making a lot of noise disturbs other visitors and the temples’ spiritual practitioners.

Be Mindful of Restricted Areas

While exploring Angkor, it’s important to note that certain areas are off-limits to visitors. This is done to safeguard locations undergoing restoration or to ensure the safety of visitors.

Please show mindfulness and respect by adhering to posted signs that indicate restricted areas. It’s crucial that visitors never go beyond these signs under any circumstances.

Smoking and Littering are Strictly Prohibited

Angkor is a member of the World Health Organization, and has been a smoke-free historic site since 2012. Smoking cigarettes within the park disturbs others and increases the risk of starting brush fires. Needless to say, littering within the park is not allowed. Trash cans are established throughout the park, and backpacks and purses can also be used to carry out trash. If you see litter, be a custodian of the park and of the environment, and pick it up to improve the experience for your fellow visitors.

Buying From Children

In Cambodia, you may encounter children selling items to tourists on the streets. However, it’s important to be aware that buying from these children, offering candy or snacks, or giving them money directly can unintentionally discourage them from attending school.

While the desire to help the less fortunate in Cambodia is understandable, a more effective approach is to contribute to established charities that support education, literacy, and the overall economy of the country. Also read our detailed guide about why you shouldn’t give money to begging children.

Interacting with Monks at Angkor

While Buddhist monks in Cambodia are highly respected, it is not forbidden to speak with them. To ensure a respectful interaction, please be mindful of certain rules:

1. If you’d like to take a photo with a monk, kindly ask for permission and respect their decision, even if it’s a no.
2. For women, it’s important to maintain a respectful distance from monks, avoiding standing or sitting too close, as this aligns with their way of life.
3. Please refrain from touching, hugging, or placing your arm on a monk’s shoulders during photos or at any other time.

Commercial Photography and Drones

If you plan to use professional equipment to film or take pictures for commercial purposes, you must obtain a permit from the APSARA National Authority in advance. Also, drone use within Angkor Archaeological Park is strictly prohibited without written permission obtained ahead of time. Visit www.apsaraauthority.gov.kh for more information on obtaining the appropriate photography, filming, and drone permits.

Resources

• Printable Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct in Chinese (PDF)
• Printable Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct in English (PDF)
• Printable Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct in French (PDF)
• Printable Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct in Japanese (PDF)
• Printable Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct in Khmer (PDF)
• Printable Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct in Korean (PDF)

The post Angkor Visitor Code of Conduct appeared first on Siemreap.net.

Angkor Small Circuit (Day 1)

Visiting these temples in the recommended order is a great way to experience the rich history and culture of Cambodia. The Small Circuit is 17 km long and covers all the must-visit temples in the park. You should visit them in this order:

1. Angkor Wat:
   • No better way to start your visit than with the most famous temple of them all. Try to wake up early (4.30am) and catch the sunrise at Angkor Wat for a once in a lifetime experience.
   • Built in the early 12th century by King Suryavarman II
   • Dedicated to Lord Vishnu
   • One of the largest religious monuments in the world
2. Angkor Thom:
   • This 3km2 wallled, moated city has several temple ruins to explore. Make sure to visit the following ruins in this order:
   • Houses the Bayon, Baphuon, Phimeanakas, the Terrace of the Elephants, and the Terrace of the Leper King
   • Built by King Jayavarman VII in the late 12th century
3. Thommanon:
   • A small, but picturesque temple
   • Located just outside the walls of Angkor Thom
   • Built in the late 12th century by King Jayavarman VII
4. Chau Say Tevoda:
   • Located right across the road from Thommanon
   • But less attractive than Thommanon
   • Built in the late 12th century by King Jayavarman VII
5. Ta Keo:
   • A temple-mountain
   • King Jayavarman V’s own state shrine
   • Built in the late 10th century
6. Ta Prohm:
   • The famous “Tomb Raider” temple
   • Overgrown by jungle
   • Built in the late 12th to early 13th century
7. Banteay Kdei:
   • Meaning “a Citadel of Chambers”
   • Functioned as a Buddhist monastery over the centuries
   • Built in the late 12th to early 13th century
8. Srah Srang:
   • An artificial, 10th-century lake
   • A nice spot to unwind after a day of temple-climbing
   • Refresh with a delicious coconut juice on the berge, perfect for reenergizing!
9. Prasat Kravan:
   • A small, Angkor era monument
   • Unique bas-reliefs
   • Built in the early 10th century.

Keep in mind that the Angkor Archaeological Park is a large and complex site, so it’s important to take breaks and stay hydrated throughout the day.

Take your time and split the Small Circuit into two days for a more relaxed experience, or power through in one day if you’re feeling energetic!

Additionally, it’s a good idea to start early in the morning to beat the crowds and the heat, and to avoid the busy midday period.

Angkor Grand Circuit (Day 2)

Maximize your 3-day pass with the Grand Circuit tour! Explore more key temples with a 26 km journey, just ask your tuk-tuk or taxi driver for the tour. The temples on the Grand Circuit, should be visited in this order:

1. Preah Khan Temple:
   • Partly covered with twisting tree roots, creating a unique and magical atmosphere.
   • Contains numerous carvings and passages to explore, offering a wealth of history and culture to discover.
   • Built in the late 12th century by King Jayavarman VII.
2. Neak Pean Temple:
   • Located on a small island that can only be reached via a wooden walkway, making for a unique and peaceful setting.
   • Built in the late 12th century by King Jayavarman VII.
   • Surrounded by water, offering a tranquil and serene atmosphere that is perfect for reflection and contemplation.
3. Ta Som Temple:
   • Built in the late 12th century by King Jayavarman VII.
   • Offers a glimpse into the spiritual and cultural heritage of Cambodia, showcasing the rich history of the region.
   • A fascinating combination of both spiritual and architectural elements, making it a must-see for any history or architecture enthusiast.
4. East Mebon Temple:
   • Built in the late 10th century by King Rajendravarman.
   • Contains intricate carvings and detailed architecture that showcases the exceptional craftsmanship of the Khmer Empire.
   • A fascinating combination of both spiritual and architectural elements, making it a must-see for any history or architecture enthusiast.
5. Pre Rup Temple:
   • Built in the late 10th century by King Rajendravarman.
   • A great spot to catch the sunset, allowing visitors to witness the temple in a whole new light.
   • A memorable experience, offering an insight into the spiritual and cultural traditions of Cambodia, and the perfect end to a day of temple exploration.

Remote Temple Sites (Day 3)

Not templed out yet? Then we recommend to visit some of the more remote temple sites, located outside the Angkor Archaeological Park, but included in the admission fee.

Option 1: Kbal Spean – Banteay Srei – Banteay Samre

Banteay Srei is a beautiful and historic district located north of Angkor Archaeological Park. It’s a must-visit for nature and history lovers! Here are some must-see attractions for a full day of exploring. Note that Kbal Spean, the first attraction of the day, is located 42 km from Siem Reap center.

1. Kbal Spean – Also called the River of the 1000 Lingas, consists of a river and waterfall. The river bed and banks are carved with ancient Hindu symbols. Visiting the site requires a 45 min uphill walk.
2. ACCB – The Angkor Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity is located on the same site as Kbal Spean. You can visit this wildlife rescue center on a guided tour from Monday to Saturday at 9am / 1pm sharp, a minimum donation of US$ 3 is requested.
3. Banteay Srei – This little gem of a temple, covered in delicate, well-preserved carvings is located 30 km from Siem Reap center.
4. Cambodia Landmine Museum – As implied by its name, a museum to educate people about the history of landmine use during the Cambodian civil war. Admission is US$ 5.
5. Banteay Srei Butterfly Center (BBC) – Discover the lifecycle of butterflies and some other native species in BBC’s tropical garden. Admission is US$ 5 for adults, US$ 2 for children.
6. Banteay Samre – A large, walled temple in “Angkor Wat” style.

Option 2: Roluos Group – Wat Athvea – Phnom Krom

If you prefer to stay closer to Siem Reap, check out these historic sites on your third day. We recommend to start your itinerary with the Roluos Group in the morning and Wat Athvea / Phnom Krom in the afternoon:

1. Roluos Group
   • This group of temples is located 12 km east of Siem Reap, easily accessible along National Road 6 in the direction of Phnom Penh.
   • The group consists of 4 temples: Bakong, Preah Ko, Lolei and Prasat Prei Monti. Bakong temple, the highlight of the group, stands 15m tall and was the center of the first Angkorian capital.
2. Lunch in Siem Reap
   • There’s plenty of time for a long lunch break, before heading off for the second part of your trip.
3. Wat Athvea
   • A nice, but small temple in “Angkor Wat” style, surrounded by beautiful scenery.
   • The temple is located 4km south of Siem Reap center, on the way to Tonle Sap and Phnom Krom.
4. Phnom Krom
   • Located on a 140m high hilltop, the temple site of Phnom Krom offers spectacular views over the Tonle Sap lake and the Siem Reap countryside.
   • Without doubt the best spot to enjoy a peaceful sunset away from the crowds.

The post Suggested Itineraries appeared first on Siemreap.net.

Where to Buy the Angkor Pass?

The Angkor Pass can be purchased at the official ticket center, located 4 km away from Siem Reap town and open from 4.30am to 5.30pm every day.

The entrance ticket can be paid in cash (US Dollars, Cambodian Riel, Thai Bath, Euro) or by credit card (Discover, Visa, Mastercard, Union Pay, JCB, Diners Club). An on-site ATM is available to withdraw cash.

You can’t purchase your entrance ticket upfront. Entrance tickets for a one-day visit are issued up to 5pm, tickets issued after 5pm are valid for the next day.

The Angkor Ticket Office is located on Road 60. Consult this Google Map for the exact location. When you book a taxi or tuk tuk driver for the day, he will bring you to the ticket office before entering the park.

Since 2019, it is also possible to purchase an Angkor Pass online. Once paid by credit card (Visa, Mastercard, Union Pay, JCB) , a valid ticket can be downloaded immediately, which can be shown in digital or printed form at any checkpoint within the Angkor Park.

Entrance Fees

The entrance fee to the Angkor Archaeological Park depends on the type of admission pass that you choose. There are 3 types of passes available:

• 1-day pass – US$ 37;
• 3-day pass – US$ 62;
• 7-day pass – US$ 72;

The 3-day pass is valid for 10 days from the issue date, the 7-day pass is valid for 1 month from the issue date. So with both of these passes it’s not necessary to plan your visits on consecutive days.

Good to know is that the entrance fee includes a US$ 2 contribution to the Kantha Bopha Children’s Hospital fund.

Visiting Hours

Most of the temples in the park can be visited from 7.30am – 5.30pm, but there are exceptions:

• Angkor Wat and Srah Srang can be visited from 5am – 5.30pm, to make it possible for visitors to witness the sunrise;
• Phnom Bakheng can be visited from 5am – 5.30pm, to make it possible for visitors to witness both the sunrise and sunset;
• Pre Rup can be visited from 7am – 5.30pm

Good to Know

• Admission passes are not refundable.
• Passes bought online can be use as soft copy (photo on smartphone).
• Admission passes are not transferable. The pass owner’s name and photo are printed on the ticket.
• Children under 12 years old are not required to purchase an entrance ticket. A passport needs to be shown as proof.
• The admission fee does not include special permits for commercial picture taking or film shooting.
• Do not hesitate to have a Angkor Wat Tour Guide. It change your perspective.
• The admission fee is non-negotiable. There are no discounts for groups.
• Phnom Kulen National Park cannot be visited with an Angkor Pass. It requires a separate admission pass.
• Koh Ker temples also require a separate admission pass, which costs US$ 10.

The post Hours & Admission appeared first on Siemreap.net.

Transportation to and around Angkor

Taxis are a more expensive choice for transportation, but they provide air-conditioned comfort, costing between $20 and $30 per day. You can hire one for more than one day if needed, additional fees are added for trips to temples off the main circuit such as Beng Mealea and Banteay Srey. Visitors should also be aware that there is less freedom to explore areas in between the temples using taxis.

Motodops are motorbikes on which visitors sit behind the hired driver. A driver is necessary because tourists are not allowed to drive motorbikes or cars in Siem Reap. Less expensive at $8 to $12 per full day rental, the motorbike can reach areas that taxis cannot, but additional charges are added for travel to the distant temples. Also be aware that sitting on the back of a motorcycle is probably the least comfortable way to get to and round the Angkor Archaeological Park. However, if you’re looking for a unique way to explore the temples, consider taking a Vespa tour! With a talented driver at the wheel, you’ll be touring the small roads in style and comfort with plenty of room and a backrest seat. You can sit back and relax as you take in the sights without worrying about navigating or getting lost!

Remorques, more commonly referred to as tuk-tuks, are by far the most popular way to travel around the park. These covered trailers, pulled by a motorized bike with driver, provide protection from the sun while allowing visitors an unobstructed view of their travel. Like the motorbikes and taxis, drivers must be licensed and wear identification when entering Angkor. Costing $10 to $15 per day, with additional charges for outlying temples, this is a great way to explore the ruins in comfort. Some friendly drivers, many of whom speak English, can provide factual information about the temples and other areas of the park.

New Indian tuk-tuks with three wheels have arrived in Siem Reap. For a better experience, we recommend choosing the remorque (old) version of tuk-tuks over rickshaws (new). This way, you’ll have an unobstructed view of your surroundings while zipping around the temples.

While bicycles are a very inexpensive transportation choice and a great way to navigate all corners of the park, visitors should consider a few things before deciding to rent one. The main entrance to the park, where admission passes must be purchased, is approximately 5 kilometers from the center of Siem Reap. This is not an issue if you have purchased your temple pass online. However, temperatures can be quite high, so renting a bike should be done early in the morning. Lastly, be sure that the bicycle is well-made and strong to avoid any travel issues.

A unique way to see the park is from the air! Tethered helium balloon rides are available at the park. Rise above these amazing ruins and view the surrounding area also. Visitors should bring binoculars for this trip.

Those who prefer to fly around the ruins can opt for a helicopter ride around Angkor Wat and outlying temples. The cost varies based on individual or group rates and the specific tour selected for an 8 to 14 minute ride, but the view is unforgettable.

Elephant Rides Banned Since 2020

The Asian elephant is held in high regard in Cambodia. Unfortunately, in 2016, an elephant named Sambo collapsed and died after taking tourists on a ride to the Bayon Temple. There were immediate calls to end the elephant rides there, and an online petition was launched. Although these controversial rides continued for several year, the Apsara Authority has finally banned elephant rides starting January 2020. Elephant lovers may spend some time at the Kulen Elephant Forest, a sanctuary in the foothills of Phnom Kulen National Park, where retired elephants can interact freely, and are treated with the utmost care and attention.

What to Bring

Visitors to the Angkor Archaeological Park are well advised to wear light long-sleeved clothing and pants to protect from the sun’s strong rays. Hats, sunglasses and a krama, a Khmer scarf, are also recommended. Shoes should be comfortable and practical. Sunscreen and mosquito repellent may come in handy. Serious explorers may want to bring a flashlight and compass.

Tour Guides

Tour guides can provide detailed information about the temples not found in guide books and cost approximately $30 dollars a day.

Visitors can make arrangements for tour guides and many of the above modes of transportation through their guesthouses. In all cases, settle on the exact cost of your selected itinerary in advance. Be specific about what you want to see, especially if some of the more distant ruins are in your plans. Sunrise and sunset visits are also options that must be planned for in advance. This will avoid any miscommunication.

The post Getting Around Angkor appeared first on Siemreap.net.

5 fascinating facts about Angkor Wat

1. The Angkor Wat moat is not just there for security, water source, or even aesthetic value. The moat forms part of a complicated groundwater system (that includes the big reservoir – or Baray to the north of the Angkor Park) that helps stabilize the temple foundations through seasonal flooding and drought.

2. The stairs at the central sanctuary (now covered by wooden steps) are supposed to be steep as a reminder that you should ascend towards the place of the gods on your knees.

3. Construction of Angkor Wat took approximately 40 years. To give some perspective, the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris – built around the same time – took 182 years.

4. Angkor means “city” and Wat means “temple” – so Angkor Wat literally means “City Temple”.

5. Opinions vary about the inspiration for Angkor Wat’s design. Some say the five peaks are based on Holy Mount Meru, some on lotus flowers, some focus more on the overall design which has been thought to either reflect a universe in miniature, or the pervasive yoni and linga symbols replicated throughout Angkor.

5 handy hints for visiting Angkor Wat

1. If you head to Angkor Wat for sunrise – be patient! As the sky gets light, some people are disappointed and leave the area, thinking there will be no full sunrise – only to find that if they had stayed a little longer they would have seen the lazy orange sun rise over the moat and across the towers.

2. Make sure you wear light, loose-fitting clothing that covers your knees and shoulders. Anyone without their shoulders and knees covered will not be allowed into the central sanctuary. It is also considered disrespectful by most Cambodians to show off a lot of skin at a religious site.

3. If you are looking for a little peace and quiet to enjoy the majesty of the temples away from the crowds, head to the East gate. The grassy area here is a nice place to sit in the shade and enjoy the atmosphere.

4. Most people head for lunch at the temples between 11.30am and 2pm. This is a great time to visit Angkor Wat’s central sanctuary to avoid long queues and to enjoy a quieter experience.

5. Unsure whether to visit Cambodia in the rainy season? One of the advantages of the rains is that they fill the moat and the pools at Angkor Wat, making the landscape even more beautiful. Put a rain poncho in your bag, and head out the door early to ensure you enjoy the sight of the water without getting wet!

Angkor Wat History

Angkor Wat was constructed during the reign of Suryavarman II – a militarily aggressive King, who reigned from 1113 AD to around 1150 AD. As well as Angkor Wat, Suryavarman II is credited with constructing Beng Melea and Banteay Samre temples.

Angkor Wat is dedicated to Vishnu, and is orientated to the west – leading many experts to believe that it is a funerary temple. It was abandoned some years after Suryavarman II’s death, when Jayavarman established a new state capital at Angkor Thom. However, there has been a small population living within the Angkor Wat area almost up until the present day. The moat protected it to a certain extent from being totally overtaken by the jungle (unlike Ta Prohm) and there were monks living in and around the temple for many years, as well as the walls providing some shelter for refugees during the civil war.

Angkor Wat was “discovered” by António da Madalena in 1586, but global awareness of the temple was really created through the travel writings of French explorer Henri Mouhot in the mid 19th century. The site was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1992 and from that time restoration work has been ongoing.

Architectural design

Most people enter Angkor Wat from the impressive western causeway – a wide terrace that crosses the 200m wide moat and leads to the main entrance. Visitors then reach the outer wall which runs at 1025m by 800m. Within the wall, you find another causeway, two libraries, and the remains of two pools. Past the pools, you reach the central temple structure. This is designed on three levels. Each level encloses a square surrounded by linked galleries. The third level is the most impressive, and, at the time of building, was only accessed by the King and the high priest. Standing 42m high, it gives amazing views over the Angkor Park, and is architecturally interesting in itself. It’s a steep climb up but well worth it.

Bas reliefs

One of the attractions of Angkor Wat for many visitors is the array of well-preserved bas-reliefs (wall carvings) covering its walls. Throughout the temple you can find many carvings of apsaras and devatas, but it is the large reliefs that depict whole stories that attract the most attention. Three of the most famous are the reliefs depicting the Battle of Kurukshetra, the Churning of the Ocean of Milk, and the Army of Suryavarman II.

The Battle of Kurukshetra

Situated in the south part of the west gallery, this panel visualizes the battle of the Hindu Mahabharata. Some sections look like black marble – but this is just polishing from centuries of visitors who have traced the figures with their fingers.

Churning of the Ocean of Milk

Perhaps the most famous bas-relief at Angkor Wat, this is situated in the southern section of the east gallery and depicts gods and demons churning the sea to extract the elixir of immortality.

The Army of Suryavarman II

In the west part of the south gallery, you can learn more about the king who constructed Angkor Wat, and his idea of his own military prowess (which he is considered to have somewhat overstated). These two panels present foot, soldiers, offers, commanders and finally Suryavarman II on an elephant.

The post Angkor Wat appeared first on Siemreap.net.

Why and When to Visit

The tranquil stone faces of Bayon are some of the most recognizable images from the Angkor Archeological Park, and missing the opportunity to see them in person would be an absolute crime. In fact, Bayon is considered one of the “big three” sites that every visitor to Angkor should see – the other two being Angkor Wat and Ta Prohm. In addition to the multitude of giant stone faces smiling down at you from every direction, the site also includes an impressive array of well-preserved bas-relief carvings depicting an unusual combination of scenes from history, mythology, and everyday life.

Although Bayon is fairly compact compared to many of the other temples, you should allow at least two hours to wander through its complex maze of chambers, passages, and occasionally steep stairways. There is sufficient shade in Bayon to make it pleasant to visit at any time of day, but if you wish to avoid the crowds you should visit in the afternoon. There are unique photo opportunities everywhere you turn, and a guide can help point out where to get the best shots – including the popular composition of visitors facing “nose to nose” with one of the giant heads. The play of light changes dramatically throughout the day due to the complex structure of the temple and the shade from the surrounding trees. There is almost no direct sunlight in the hours just after sunrise and just before sunset.

Location and How to Get There

Bayon is located in the exact center of the Angkor Thom complex, precisely 1.5km from both the North and South gates, and can be entered from any point. Unlike many of the other Angkor temples, Bayon has no moats or surrounding walls. It is protected on all sides by the city of Angkor Thom itself. Part of the Small Circuit, Bayon is easily reached from any direction as it is surrounded by a road. Contact us to arrange for a safe and reliable tuk-tuk or taxi driver to show you around the park.

Architecture

The architectural style of Bayon is distinctly different from Angkor Wat and other temples in the Angkor complex and it has undergone numerous modifications and additions during its history. Unlike the magnificent façade of Angkor Wat, Bayon doesn’t look terribly impressive from a distance. You can’t fully appreciate its beauty until you enter the temple.

Most of the Angkor temples are constructed with features oriented in the four cardinal directions, but Bayon’s face towers seem to point every which way. While most of the towers do have four faces, some have only two or three, while the central tower has many more. The number of face towers is seemingly random, and there is some dispute about how many towers were included in the original design of the temple. Some believe there were 49, and others say it was 54. One theory holds that there was one tower for each of the 54 provinces in the Khmer empire at the time of the temple’s construction, symbolically keeping watch over all the inhabitants of the kingdom. However, the ravages of time have left only 37 of the towers standing today.

There are two richly decorated galleries which serve as enclosures to the temple – the outer gallery depicting scenes from battles and other historical events as well as images of everyday domestic life, and the inner gallery primarily illustrating mythological tales. The beautiful bas-relief carvings feature an astonishing level of detail, including more than 11,000 figures. The inner gallery, added by the Hindu King Jayavarman VIII, is elevated above ground level, and the upper terrace, which holds over 200 of the famous giant faces, is one level higher. A circular central tower rises 43m high.

History

Bayon was the last state temple built in the Angkor complex. The great Buddhist ruler, King Jayavarman VII, began its construction near the end of his life – sometime in the late 12th or early 13th century. Originally intended to be a Mahayana Buddhist temple, it was altered during the reign of King Jayavarman VIII when the empire briefly reverted back to Hinduism in the mid-13th century. The temple underwent further modifications under the Theravada Buddhist kings in later years.

The most distinctive feature of Bayon is the subject of some disagreement among historians. Some believe that the tranquil faces are meant to represent the Bodhisattva of compassion known as Lokesvara, and in fact, the host of tranquil visages is often referred to as the “200 faces of Lokesvara”. Others believe that the faces are portraits of King Jayavarman VII, and indeed, they do bear a striking similarity to other statues of the king. Both hypotheses may be true, as many Khmer rulers regarded themselves as “god-kings”.

The post Bayon appeared first on Siemreap.net.

5 facts about Angkor Thom

1. Angkor Thom site is 10sq km in size.

2. There are 216 faces on the Bayon temple.

3. Baphuon temple in Angkor Thom became one of the world’s largest jigsaw puzzles when the records from the carefully mapped pieces that had been taken apart were destroyed during the Khmer Rouge. Archaeologists were left with a lot of stones on the ground and only their best guess as to where they might all go.

4. Ta Prohm is not the only temple to feature in Tomb Raider. The east gate of Angkor Thom made an appearance as well.

5. The Angkor Thom gates would have originally been closed with wooden doors.

5 handy tips for visiting Angkor Thom

1. It is possible to walk around the whole Angkor Thom wall. There are a couple of steep scrambles to get up and down at the gates, but a walk round the wall is a lovely way to explore the Angkor Park.

2. The south west corner of the Angkor Thom wall, overlooking the moat, is a lovely sunset spot.

3. Don’t just visit Bayon. While the temple is fascinating, it’s really taking in all the other nearby structures that gives a sense of the scale of the site.

4. The south gate is the busiest with visitors as it is closest to Angkor Wat. For a magical entrance to the temples, buy you ticket first, and then hire a motodop to take you through the west gate of Angkor Thom to enter the temple park.

5. Angkor Thom is a big site and takes energy! Rehydrate with fresh coconuts sold in the local restaurants outside.

Angkor Thom’s history

Angkor Thom was founded by King Jayavarman VII, one of the most important figures of the Khmer Empire. He was a Buddhist, and during the time of his reign oversaw a wholesale conversion of the Khmer people from Hinduism to Buddhism. He was a great believer in public works, creating schools, hospitals, and reservoirs. He is also famous for resurrecting the Khmer Empire following Cham invasions, and creating a glorious new capital city – Angkor Thom – which was the central hub for a population of around 1 million.

Angkor Thom remained the capital of the Khmer Empire throughout its decline – and was probably fully abandoned in the 16th century. It is now, as with the other temples in the Angkor Park, a World Heritage site.

Architectural design

The city of Angkor Thom is surrounded by a wall, 8m high and 12km long, with five gates (two in the eastern wall). The entrances to some of the gates are lined with statues of gods and demons holding nagas, and the gates themselves are adorned with the face of Avalokiteshvara, the goddess of compassion (although it’s thought they also strangely resemble King Jayavarman VII). The wall itself is circled by a 100m wide moat. Bayon is in the center of this area, with Baphuon slightly to the west, and some of the smaller temples further north. The stunningly intricate Terrace of Elephants and Terrace of the Leper King are to the north of Bayon.

Bayon

Perhaps the spookiest or the most mesmerizing of the Angkor temples, the center piece of Angkor Thom – Bayon – looks like nothing much from a distance. However, once inside, you realize that Bayon is constructed around 54 towers, with 216 smiling faces of Avalokiteshvara peering down at you. Bayon is a fantastic temple to explore – with mazes of tunnels, blocked doorways and tumble-down rocks making it a perfect place to get lost in the mysteries of Angkor.

Bayon is 45m high and has three levels linked by stairs and small yards. The galleries on the first and second level have historical and religious bas-reliefs. The third level has a central circular tower, which is unique in Khmer Architecture.

Baphuon

Baphuon is located 200m west of Bayon and was marked as the center of the city when the whole of Angkor Thom was fully complete. A pyramidal representation of Mount Meru, at the time, it was probably one of the most impressive of the Angkor temples. A 200m elevated walkway leads to the temple which has a central tower 43m high.

Terrace of the Elephants

This 350m long terrace was supposedly used as a platform from which Jayavarman VII viewed his victorious returning army. The stairs are decorated with lions and garudas and life-sized images of elephants and their guardians are displayed on the terrace walls.

Terrace of the Leper King

This 7m high platform is located north of the Terrace of Elephants. On top of the platform you will see a nude statue (the original is kept in the National Museum of Phnom Penh). The exact meaning of the statue isn’t known. Some believe that it represents one of two possible Angkorian Kings who had leprosy. Others believe is represents the God of Death, and that the terrace as the royal crematory.

Preah Palilay

One of the loveliest temples in the Angkor Thom complex is Preah Paliliay in the north-west corner of the site. Quiet and atmospheric, it provides some great photo opportunities with huge trees looming over its structure.

Phimeanakas

Phimeanakas is more interesting historically than visually. It used to house a Royal Palace, where bathing would take place (the pools are still apparent) but very little remains. However, a climb up its pyramidal structure gives nice views of the surrounding area.

The post Angkor Thom appeared first on Siemreap.net.

There is, however, obviously much more to Ta Prohm than its famous friends. It is perhaps included in “the big three” along with Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom as one of the must-see temples because of the movie-attraction, but in reality Ta Prohm is a mesmerizing temple to visit quite apart from its Hollywood status. In fact, it is probably the decision not to clear the site of trees, and leave some of the most impressive jungle/ruin take-overs in place, that caught the attention of film location scouts and made it one of the most atmospheric and most photographed of all the temples.

Location and how to get there

Ta Prohm is part of the small circuit of the Angkor complex and is just a few minutes in a tuk tuk away from Angkor Wat or Angkor Thom. The main buildings of the temple are encircled by a large wall and so are not immediately visible from the road but rather discovered by a short walk on a jungle-lined path. A fantastic way to come to this temple is by bike, through the trails in the Angkor forest and the lesser-used gates. It takes an experienced bike guide to find the route through the crisscross paths but it’s a magical way to explore the area and arrive at the inner enclosures of the temple.

Most visitors combine a tour of Ta Prohm temple with a visit to Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat to fill their one-day pass at the temples. However, Ta Prohm is surrounded by a myriad of other, smaller sites that, combined, can make for a great day of exploration. Banteay Kdei and Ta Nei in particularly are quite under-visited yet interesting sites which make for a peaceful break from the crowds.

Ticket requirements

Ta Prohm is included in the temple pass for the Angkor Archaeological Park. There is no separate entrance fee to visit the temple.

Best time to visit

Ta Prohm temple is best visited early in the morning when everybody else is at Angkor Wat. The surrounding jungle is alive with sounds and the light is at its best for keen photographers trying to catch the ongoing battle between nature and architecture.

History of Ta Prohm temple

Ta Prohm’s original name was Rajavihara, meaning “monastery of the King”. It was built as a Mahayana Buddhist monastery and university. The construction of the temple is dated to 1186AD, but it is generally considered to have been added to and embellished over a period of several years. As Maurice Glaize comments in his appraisal of the temple, “While for some time all the various temples in the style of the Bayon were attributed to a single king – Jayavarman VII – during his twenty or so years reign, today it seems more likely that he could not, in such a short time, have done more than just transform, extend or complete already existing religious establishments with his mark.”

Jayavarman VII dedicated Ta Prohm to his family, as evidence by the inscriptions on the stele. The inscription lists many of Jayavarman’s ancestors, as well as giving details of the construction enterprise on the site. Perhaps most compelling though is the information the stele gives about the people whose lives revolved around this site. Nearly 80,000 people were involved in serving the temple, coming from over 3,000 surrounding villages. The stele also mentions that there were 102 functioning hospitals in the Kingdom. Numbers like this give a fantastic insight into the sheer scale of the Khmer empire at that time.

Layout and structure

Although work has been done to stabilize the ruins, Ta Prohm was deliberately left much as it was found, giving it the nickname the jungle temple. As a result it can be confusing to navigate the site as some parts are impassable, and it is tempting to explore the temple from one amazing tree formation to the next, rather than by any temple plan.

The layout of the site is relatively simple, consisting of a number of one-story buildings (a “flat” Khmer temple rather than pyramid structure) which are enclosed by a partially-standing rectangular wall 600 x 1000m. Within this wall would have stood a substantial town, but now the temple interior is inhabited by jungle. At the east of the site there are four smaller enclosing walls which wrap around the central sanctuary.

Most people enter the temple from the west, and after a short walk are greeted by a stone terrace in the shape of a cross which forms a walkway over a narrow moat. This leads to the fourth enclosing wall and the beginning of the real Ta Prohm experience. From this point there are courtyards, passageways and towers to explore, all in nature’s grip – partly destroyed and partly conserved by the encroaching jungle. Some of the buildings in the inner enclosures are thought to have been added in later years, such as the libraries in the first and third enclosures. The famous tomb raider tree is located in the central sanctuary and is an impressive sight, the roots seeming to both strangle and support the ruins beneath.

Ta Prohm’s dinosaur carving

Ta Prohm does not feature many complex carvings, or narrative reliefs. In the central sanctuary you can see the holes in the walls that may have held a covering of stucco or metal. Original carvings may have decayed in the jungle, or been destroyed following the death of Jayavarman VII and the rise of Hinduism.

However, visitors may want to try and find the now-famous stegosaurus carving and join the argument as to whether the carving is merely a hoax, or if it does in fact prove that the Khmer civilization had knowledge or even first-hand experience of dinosaurs.

The post Ta Prohm appeared first on Siemreap.net.

How to get there and entry

Travelling east from Srah Srang until you reach the temple’s south east corner. Enter the temple from the east, where vehicles can park. Entry is covered with your valid Temple Pass, and is often one of several temples included in the ‘big circuit’ tours of Angkor temples.

When to visit

The temple attracts visitors at sunrise and sunset, due to the reddish tint to the structure. The combination of brick, laterite and sandstone means that morning rays of sun, or a sunset glow, catch the stonework’s unique hue. Its situation on a plain ensures that temple views are unfettered by encroaching jungle or foliage.

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Siemreap.net (@siemreapnet)

Architecture

Use of grey sandstone, a less durable material than the stone used in most temples built at that time, means that the weather-worn structure’s decay has been accelerated. Despite their gradual fading state, it’s possible to walk the series of long galleries and libraries – a typical feature of 10th Century architecture and never again seen in temples built after Pre Rup’s completion.

Visitors can still see lion statues guarding, lintels, doorways and colonettes in stone, with decorative work in lime mortar. The architect, Kavindrari-mathana, designed gopuras, cross-shaped openings, in each wall, and each featuring three doorways. Later buildings were added during the time of Jayavarman V.

The legendary stone ‘cistern’ lies in the central enclosure. This is assumed to be the base for a bronze statue of Nandi that was once housed there, rather than for use in cremation ceremonies, as was a popular belief in later times.

The symmetry of the city’s square layout is further emphasised by the square-based pyramid in its centre, consisting of three tiers, reaching 12 metres height. The lower tier is surrounded by 12 small shrines, and the top tier features five towers; one in each corner and one central tower. A two-tiered platform supports this central tower, now crumbling, but impressive for its scale and endurance nevertheless. The eagle-eyed may spot false doors. The only real door can be seen on the tower’s east side, guarded by carved Deities.

The post Pre Rup appeared first on Siemreap.net.

History of Phnom Bakheng

During his reign, King Jasovarman I (889 – 910 CE) moved the capital of his empire from Roluos to the location which is now known as Angkor. Here, he created an enormous city of 16 square kilometers; bigger than Angkor Thom, which was built later. In the center of this city, King Jasovarman built his State Temple on top of a natural hill, known as Phnom Bakheng hill.

Structure and Symbolism

Phnom Bakheng is a pyramid shaped temple consisting of 7 levels, symbolizing the sacred Mount Meru and the 7 Hindu heavens. 108 towers were arranged on the ground and upper levels of the temple, symbolizing the 4 lunar phases of each 27 days long. Unfortunately, most of these towers collapsed. The temple was devoted to the god Shiva and served as a tomb for king Jasovarman I.

Getting There & Around

Phnom Bakheng is located 400 meter south of Angkor Thom. If you’re approaching from Angkor Wat, then Phnom Bakheng hill is to the left side, set back from the road. It’s worth stopping. A sandy path winds up the hill to the foot of the temple. From here, steep and narrow stairs lead you to the top terrace. The view is breathtaking and if you visit at sunset it’s a soothing way to end the day.

When to Visit

Given that Phnom Bakheng’s main attraction is its sunset view over Angkor Wat, plan your visit for the late afternoon. Arrive early (4pm) if you want a good spot on the south-east corner. Especially in high season the temple can get crowded. Note that you’ll need a good zoom lens to make a close-up picture of Angkor Wat, which is 1.3km away. Alternatively, there’s a fantastic sunset view over West Baray on the opposite side (north-west corner).

After enjoying the sunset, be careful climbing down Phnom Bakheng temple’s steep steps. A small flashlight will come in handy.

The post Phnom Bakheng appeared first on Siemreap.net.